Proprietary Vanguard data confirm recent trends observed in government data on the U.S. labor market: Hiring has slowed, but low layoff rates and solid income growth point to a labor market that remains strong for those currently employed. This resilience should support consumer spending and is likely to keep the Federal Reserve focused on inflation risks.

We dispel assertions tied to the growth of index fund investing and offer evidence that refutes key misperceptions.

Investors face persistent behavioral challenges—such as inertia, present bias, and limited attention—that can quietly erode long-term financial outcomes. At Vanguard, we see these cognitive biases not as investor failings, but as opportunities to design digital experiences that are intuitive and easy to use, while nudging investors toward better decisions and stronger financial outcomes.

Vanguard helps investors make smarter financial choices using behavioral science and digital design.

Imagine investing in an active equity fund that promises a focus on growth—only to discover that the fund has moved away from its stated style, and many of its holdings are instead value stocks. This phenomenon, known as style drift, can catch investors off guard and can sometimes lead to disappointment, as it causes the actual style exposure of portfolios to differ from expectations.

Government shutdowns are not unprecedented. Although some volatility is possible, historically, there has been no clear relationship between U.S. government shutdowns and market returns. Investors shouldn’t make assumptions about how markets may or may not react during a government shutdown.

Our latest fee reductions will help investors keep even more of their returns and improve their chances of investment success.

Mounting risks warrant caution and discipline. Vanguard’s portfolios are positioned to act on market moves and manage risks